Difference between revisions of "Feedback devices"
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| + | [[File:Servomotor and feedback.png|thumb|Typical servo motor with encoder feedback]] | ||
Feedback devices are mandatory part in [[closed loop]] systems and typically found in servo motor applications. In motion control FB devices are used to get position or velocity information from motor or machine. | Feedback devices are mandatory part in [[closed loop]] systems and typically found in servo motor applications. In motion control FB devices are used to get position or velocity information from motor or machine. | ||
==Shapes== | ==Shapes== | ||
| Line 9: | Line 10: | ||
[[Quadrature]] encoders are nowadays the most common feedback device type in servo motors. Quadrature encoders are incremental sensors so they require position zeroing/homing to get absolute position feedback. | [[Quadrature]] encoders are nowadays the most common feedback device type in servo motors. Quadrature encoders are incremental sensors so they require position zeroing/homing to get absolute position feedback. | ||
| − | Another type of encoder is ''absolute encoder''. Absolute encoders typically output serial data of absolute position thus they may not need to be zeroed. The drawback of absolute sensors is higher price and lower compatibility & interchangeability. | + | Another type of encoder is ''absolute encoder''. Absolute encoders typically output serial data of absolute position thus they may not need to be zeroed (in case of multiturn absolute encoders). The drawback of absolute sensors is typically higher price and lower compatibility & interchangeability. For supported absolute encoder devices and user guide, see [[Using serial data feedback device]]. |
| − | ===Resolver | + | |
| − | Resolver is an analog technology based on rotary transformer that can provide absolute position (single turn absolute, for multiturn absolute position zeroing is still needed). Resolvers are good for harsh conditions but don't provide as high precision as encoders. | + | *[[Wikipedia:Rotary encoder]] |
| + | ===Resolver a.k.a. synchro=== | ||
| + | Resolver is an analog technology based on rotary transformer that can provide absolute position (single turn absolute, for multiturn absolute position zeroing is still needed). Resolvers are good for harsh conditions but they don't provide as high precision feedback data as encoders. | ||
| + | |||
| + | *More info: [[Wikipedia:Synchro]] | ||
| + | *How resolver works: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCU8b8vo2qE Youtube] | ||
| + | |||
===Tachometer=== | ===Tachometer=== | ||
| − | Tachometer is a small DC generator that outputs DC voltage proportional to rotation speed. It can be used as velocity feedback device but not as position sensor. Tachometers are often seen in dual-loop configurations with position sensor. | + | Tachometer is a small DC generator that outputs DC voltage proportional to rotation speed. It can be used as velocity feedback device but not as position sensor. Tachometers are often seen in dual-loop configurations combined with position sensor. |
===Hall sensors=== | ===Hall sensors=== | ||
| − | Hall sensors are found in AC & BLDC motors only. Halls provide commutation information (drive current phase angle) for drive. Modern drives such as all GD drives don't require Hall sensors but can utilize them to make faster power-up possible. Hall sensors are too low resolution for position or high performance velocity control. | + | Hall sensors are typically found in AC & BLDC motors only. Halls provide commutation information (drive current phase angle) for drive. Modern drives such as all GD drives don't require Hall sensors but can utilize them to make faster power-up possible. Hall sensors are too low resolution for position or high performance velocity control and that's why Hall sensors are typically combined with encoder. |
| + | |||
==Comparison== | ==Comparison== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| Absolute encoder | | Absolute encoder | ||
| Medium | | Medium | ||
| − | | Serial, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_code Gray signals] | + | | Serial ([[Using SSI encoder|SSI]], [[Using BiSS encoder|BiSS]], EnDat etc), or parallel [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_code Gray signals] |
| Yes (single or multiturn) | | Yes (single or multiturn) | ||
| Medium to very high | | Medium to very high | ||
| Line 36: | Line 44: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Resolver | | Resolver | ||
| − | | | + | | Very high |
| Analog, 6 wires | | Analog, 6 wires | ||
| Yes (single turn) | | Yes (single turn) | ||
| Line 43: | Line 51: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Tachometer | | Tachometer | ||
| − | | Medium | + | | Medium to high |
| Analog | | Analog | ||
| Yes (for velocity FB) | | Yes (for velocity FB) | ||
| Line 50: | Line 58: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Hall | | Hall | ||
| − | | Medium | + | | Medium to high |
| Digital outputs | | Digital outputs | ||
| Yes (single turn) | | Yes (single turn) | ||
| − | | | + | | Very low |
| − | | | + | | Very low |
|} | |} | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Motor types]] | *[[Motor types]] | ||
| + | *[[Resolution of motors]] | ||
| + | *Extensive article about different types of feedback devices: http://www.optoresolver.com/help/glossary.htm | ||
[[Category:Hardware]] | [[Category:Hardware]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:31, 10 May 2017
Feedback devices are mandatory part in closed loop systems and typically found in servo motor applications. In motion control FB devices are used to get position or velocity information from motor or machine.
Contents
Shapes[edit | edit source]
Feedback devices come mainly in two shapes:
- Rotary
- Linear
Shape of device doesn't change their operation principle.
Feedback device types[edit | edit source]
Encoder[edit | edit source]
Quadrature encoders are nowadays the most common feedback device type in servo motors. Quadrature encoders are incremental sensors so they require position zeroing/homing to get absolute position feedback.
Another type of encoder is absolute encoder. Absolute encoders typically output serial data of absolute position thus they may not need to be zeroed (in case of multiturn absolute encoders). The drawback of absolute sensors is typically higher price and lower compatibility & interchangeability. For supported absolute encoder devices and user guide, see Using serial data feedback device.
Resolver a.k.a. synchro[edit | edit source]
Resolver is an analog technology based on rotary transformer that can provide absolute position (single turn absolute, for multiturn absolute position zeroing is still needed). Resolvers are good for harsh conditions but they don't provide as high precision feedback data as encoders.
- More info: Wikipedia:Synchro
- How resolver works: Youtube
Tachometer[edit | edit source]
Tachometer is a small DC generator that outputs DC voltage proportional to rotation speed. It can be used as velocity feedback device but not as position sensor. Tachometers are often seen in dual-loop configurations combined with position sensor.
Hall sensors[edit | edit source]
Hall sensors are typically found in AC & BLDC motors only. Halls provide commutation information (drive current phase angle) for drive. Modern drives such as all GD drives don't require Hall sensors but can utilize them to make faster power-up possible. Hall sensors are too low resolution for position or high performance velocity control and that's why Hall sensors are typically combined with encoder.
Comparison[edit | edit source]
| Device | Durability | Outputs available | Absolute | Position feedback precision | Velocity feedback precision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incremental encoder | Medium | Quadrature, Serial, SinCos | No | Medium to very high | Medium to high |
| Absolute encoder | Medium | Serial (SSI, BiSS, EnDat etc), or parallel Gray signals | Yes (single or multiturn) | Medium to very high | Medium to high |
| Resolver | Very high | Analog, 6 wires | Yes (single turn) | Medium | Medium |
| Tachometer | Medium to high | Analog | Yes (for velocity FB) | N/A | Medium to high |
| Hall | Medium to high | Digital outputs | Yes (single turn) | Very low | Very low |
See also[edit | edit source]
- Motor types
- Resolution of motors
- Extensive article about different types of feedback devices: http://www.optoresolver.com/help/glossary.htm
