Signal path of motor drive

In Granite Devices drives the torque, velocity and position limits and setpoints are defined as integer numbers. The vales are represented "hardware" scale which are described below.

Setpoint signal path

Setpoint signal path converts user setpoint to internal setpoint.

Setpoint signal path

Main parts are:

• Input multiplier. Purpose of this is to increase resolution of input setpoint to allow more fine grained velocity & acceleration control in trajectory planner. By default MUL value is 50.
• Setpoint smoothing filter. If enabled, applies low pass filter to signal reducing jitter and roughness of signal but also introduces about some delay. By default the filter has 100% attenuation at 250Hz.
• Trajectory planner. This limits rate of change of setpoint signal based on CVL and CAL parameters. Output rate maximum rate of change:
  • Velocity changes max CAL nubmer of units per control cycle (control cycle is 400µs in most GD drives)
  • Velocity maximum value is limited to CVL
• Input divider. This divides setpoint signal by DIV to give desired output scale for internal setpoint. Combination of multiplier and divider can be used change total scaling of setpoint signal.

Setpoint source scales

Different setpoint sources have different range and scale:

Setpoint source	Type	Range	Scale
Pulse & directon	Incremental	Infinite	Position and torque mode: one pulse changes setpoint by one Velocity mode: pulse frequency input, setpoint = number of pulses per control cycle
Quadrature	Incremental	Infinite	Position and torque mode: one edge of either channel changes setpoint by one Velocity mode: frequency input, setpoint = number of edges of either channel per control cycle
PWM	Absolute	Full input scale equals setpoint range of +/-16384	Direct 1:1 absolute value in all modes
Analog	Absolute	Full input scale equals setpoint range of +/-16384	Direct 1:1 absolute value in all modes
Serial (SimpleMotion V2)	Absolute & incremental	Infinite	Direct 1:1 absolute value in all modes

It should be noted that trajectory planner operates after multiplier meaning that CVL velocity limit value is not in equal scale with velocity setpoint value.

Internal setpoint

Internal setpoint is a predefined setpoint scale inside the drive. The scale of internal setpoint signals are:

• Position mode: position sensor counter raw value
• Velocity mode: internal goes through Velocity normalized that changes scales depending on setpoint source:
  • In PWM & Analog source: Internal setpoint of +/-16384 represents whole speed range covered by CVL parameter. I.e. 10V input to analog input runs motor at 100% speed and -5V at -50% etc.
  • In all other sources: number of feedback device counts per one control cycle. Obtained by calculating the difference of position feedback values at every control cycle.
• Torque mode: Torque normalizer scales internal setpoint so that value of +/-16384 represents full torque scale (i.e. internal setpoint value 16384 outputs configured peak current MMC and 8192 outputs MMC/2)

Controller

The default controller type of GD drives is cascaded type where each controlled variable has it's own PI or P controller. In position mode such structure is called as PIV controller.

Setpoint scale examples

Assuming control cycle to be 400µs / 2500 Hz (default in GD drives).

Example 1

Caclualting setpoint

• Motor has 2500 P/R encoder (10000 CPR) and user wants to rotate it at 1000 rpm in velocity mode. Scaling is set to 1:1 (MUL/DIV ratio is 1)
• Rotation speed is 1000/60 = 16.667 revs/s (RPS) Needed encoder count frequency is 16.667*10000 = 16667 counts/s.
• Internal setpoint is the amount of counts per control cycle so in this case it's 16667/2500 = 66.667

Because set point is integer value user must round setpoint to 66 or 67. To achieve exact speed, he could change input scaling (MUL/DIV) to allow unrounded value here.

Calculating acceleration and velocity limits

If DIV is 50, then user must have CVL value at least 3333 (66.6667*50).

If user wants motor to accelerate to 1000 rpm in 0.1 seconds, then CAL is value should be 3333/2500/0.1 = 13.33. Value must be again rounded to integer and rounding error could be reduced by adjusting scaling (adjust DIV).

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