Quadrature
Quadrature digital signals consists two channels (wires) and it can carry incremental reference or feedback signal. Quadrature signal is commonly seen in optical encoders which is probably the most common feedback device type in modern servo motors. Quadrature signal can be also used as reference signal and it has similar properties with pulse and direction.
Operation
Each edge of signal (from A or B channel) will increment or decrement quadrature counter value by one.
Most optical encoder specify their resolution as pulses per revolution (PPR) which will equal 4X amount of position values per revolution. I.e. 1000 PPR encoder will yield resolution of 4000 counts per revolution.
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