Feedback devices
Feedback devices are mandatory part in closed loop systems and typically found in servo motor applications. In motion control FB devices are used to get position or velocity information from motor or machine.
Contents
Shapes[edit | edit source]
Feedback devices come mainly in two shapes:
- Rotary
- Linear
Shape of device doesn't change their operation principle.
Feedback device types[edit | edit source]
Encoder[edit | edit source]
Quadrature encoders are nowadays the most common feedback device type in servo motors. Quadrature encoders are incremental sensors so they require position zeroing/homing to get absolute position feedback.
Another type of encoder is absolute encoder. Absolute encoders typically output serial data of absolute position thus they may not need to be zeroed (in case of multiturn absolute encoders). The drawback of absolute sensors is typically higher price and lower compatibility & interchangeability. For supported absolute encoder devices and user guide, see Using serial data feedback device.
Resolver a.k.a. synchro[edit | edit source]
Resolver is an analog technology based on rotary transformer that can provide absolute position (single turn absolute, for multiturn absolute position zeroing is still needed). Resolvers are good for harsh conditions but they don't provide as high precision feedback data as encoders.
- More info: Wikipedia:Synchro
- How resolver works: Youtube
Tachometer[edit | edit source]
Tachometer is a small DC generator that outputs DC voltage proportional to rotation speed. It can be used as velocity feedback device but not as position sensor. Tachometers are often seen in dual-loop configurations combined with position sensor.
Hall sensors[edit | edit source]
Hall sensors are typically found in AC & BLDC motors only. Halls provide commutation information (drive current phase angle) for drive. Modern drives such as all GD drives don't require Hall sensors but can utilize them to make faster power-up possible. Hall sensors are too low resolution for position or high performance velocity control and that's why Hall sensors are typically combined with encoder.
Comparison[edit | edit source]
| Device | Durability | Outputs available | Absolute | Position feedback precision | Velocity feedback precision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incremental encoder | Medium | Quadrature, Serial, SinCos | No | Medium to very high | Medium to high |
| Absolute encoder | Medium | Serial (SSI, BiSS, EnDat etc), or parallel Gray signals | Yes (single or multiturn) | Medium to very high | Medium to high |
| Resolver | Very high | Analog, 6 wires | Yes (single turn) | Medium | Medium |
| Tachometer | Medium to high | Analog | Yes (for velocity FB) | N/A | Medium to high |
| Hall | Medium to high | Digital outputs | Yes (single turn) | Very low | Very low |
See also[edit | edit source]
- Motor types
- Resolution of motors
- Extensive article about different types of feedback devices: http://www.optoresolver.com/help/glossary.htm
In no event the Product Information or parts hereof shall be regarded as guarantee of conditions or characteristics. The Product Information or any part thereof may also not be regarded as a warranty of any kind. No liability of any kind shall be assumed by Author with respect to Product Information or any use made by you thereof, nor shall Author indemnify you against or be liable for any third party claims with respect to such information or any use thereof.
As content of this Wiki may be edited by user community, Granite Devices Oy or it's affiliates do not take any responsibility of the contents of this Wiki. Use information at your own risk. However, Granite Devices staff attempts to review all changes made to this Wiki and keep information trustworthy.
Without written consent, Granite Devices' Products or Intellectual Property shall not be used in situations or installations where living beings, material property, or immaterial property could be harmed by the operation, features or failures of Product. Products may only be used in a way where hazards like moving parts, electric shock, laser radiation, or fire can't be realized even if the content of this Wiki would suggest otherwise.
